See ecology on Wiktionary
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"etymology_text": "Calque of German Ökologie (coined in 1866 by Ernst Haeckel), from Ancient Greek οἶκος (oîkos, “house”) + -λογία (-logía, “study of”). By surface analysis, eco- + -logy.",
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{
"ref": "1949, George R. Stewart, Earth Abides:",
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{
"ref": "2012 January 14, Robert M. Pringle, “How to Be Manipulative”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 1, archived from the original on 2013-10-03, page 31:",
"text": "As in much of biology, the most satisfying truths in ecology derive from manipulative experimentation. Tinker with nature and quantify how it responds.",
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],
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[
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"relationship"
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[
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"organism"
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[
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],
"tags": [
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{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "af",
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"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "ekologie"
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{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "sq",
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"sense": "branch of biology",
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],
"word": "ekologji"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ar",
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"roman": "ʕilm al-bīʔa",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
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],
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},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
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"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "էկոլոգիա"
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{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ecoloxía"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "ekalóhija",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "экало́гія"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ekoloji"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ekologija",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "екология"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "geha.beda.",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "ဂေဟဗေဒ"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ecologia"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "生態"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "生态"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "生態學"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "sang¹ taai³ hok⁶",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "生态学"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "生態學"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "seng-thài-ha̍k",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "生态学"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "生態"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shēngtài",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "生态"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "生態學"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shēngtàixué",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "生态学"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ekologie"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "økologi"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ecologie"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "ekologio"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "ökoloogia"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vistfrøði"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "ekologia"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "ympäristötiede"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "écologie"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ecoloxía"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "eḳologia",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "ეკოლოგია"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ökologie"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "gsw",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"Alemannic-German",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ökologie"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "oikología",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "οικολογία"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "ekologyia",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "אקולוגיה"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "pāristhitikī",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "पारिस्थितिकी"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "ökológia"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "környezettan"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vistfræði"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "ekologio"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "ekologi"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "ecologia"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "éiceolaíocht"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ecologia"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"alt": "せいたいがく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "seitaigaku",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "生態学"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "kn",
"lang": "Kannada",
"roman": "hondikeyarime",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "ಹೊಂದಿಕೆಯರಿಮೆ"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "ékologiä",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "экология"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "bɑɑrestʰaan vityie",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "បរិស្ថានវិទ្យា"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "niveih vityie",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "និវេសនវិទ្យា"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "ʼaasrɑɑyvityiə",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "អាស្រយវិទ្យា"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"alt": "生態學",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "saengtaehak",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "생태학"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ekolojî"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "oecologia"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ekoloģija"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ekologija"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ökologie"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ekologie"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ekológija",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "еколо́гија"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
],
"word": "کاجي عالم حيات"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
],
"word": "ايکولوݢي"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"Rumi"
],
"word": "kaji alam hayat"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"Rumi"
],
"word": "ekologi"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ekoloġija"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "mātai hauropi"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "orčinzüj",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "орчинзүй"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"feminine"
],
"word": "écologie"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "økologi"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "økologi"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ecologia"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "bum-šenâsi",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "بومشناسی"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "ekoloži",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "اکولوژی"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ekologia"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ecologia"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ecologie"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ekológija",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "эколо́гия"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "eag-eòlas"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "екологија"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ekologija"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "sd",
"lang": "Sindhi",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "سَهِجِياڀياس"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ekológia"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ekologija"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ecología"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "su",
"lang": "Sundanese",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "ékologi"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "ikolojia"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ekologi"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "miljöforskning"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "palamuhayan"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "ekolohiya"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "ekologiya",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "экология"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "cūḻnilaiyiyal",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "சூழ்நிலையியல்"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "níwêt wíttáyaa",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "นิเวศวิทยา"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "çevre bilimi"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "ekoloji"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "ekolóhija",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "еколо́гія"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"alt": "生態學",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "sinh thái học"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "köolog"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ecoleg"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "ekologye",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "עקאָלאָגיע"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "ekoloci"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "social ecology",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "linguistic ecology",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any study of the relationships of components of a system with their environment and with each other."
],
"id": "en-ecology-en-noun-7NTn8CpF",
"links": [
[
"study",
"study"
],
[
"component",
"component"
],
[
"system",
"system"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) Any study of the relationships of components of a system with their environment and with each other."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The totality or pattern of relationships of components of a system with their environment and with each other."
],
"id": "en-ecology-en-noun-qQA0IoXi",
"links": [
[
"totality",
"totality"
],
[
"pattern",
"pattern"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "23 13 64",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "totality or pattern of relationships",
"word": "生態"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 13 64",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "totality or pattern of relationships",
"word": "生态"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 13 64",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "totality or pattern of relationships",
"word": "生態"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 13 64",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shēngtài",
"sense": "totality or pattern of relationships",
"word": "生态"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪˈkɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
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"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ecology.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ecology.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"ipa": "/ɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪˈkɔl.ə.d͡ʒi/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒlədʒi"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "oecology"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "œcology"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Ernst Haeckel",
"ecology"
],
"word": "ecology"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
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"English terms derived from German",
"English terms prefixed with eco-",
"English terms suffixed with -logy",
"English uncountable nouns",
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"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Corsican translations",
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"Rhymes:English/ɒlədʒi",
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"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Aragonese translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Breton translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Corsican translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hokkien translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kannada translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Maltese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sardinian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Sicilian translations",
"Terms with Sindhi translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Sundanese translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Tamil translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Volapük translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"Terms with Zazaki translations",
"en:Ecology",
"en:Sciences"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "aeroecology"
},
{
"word": "agroecology"
},
{
"word": "anthecology"
},
{
"word": "arcology"
},
{
"word": "astroecology"
},
{
"word": "autecology"
},
{
"word": "bioecology"
},
{
"word": "chemical ecology"
},
{
"word": "chemoecology"
},
{
"word": "chronoecology"
},
{
"word": "cultural ecology"
},
{
"word": "deep ecology"
},
{
"word": "dendroecology"
},
{
"word": "eco-"
},
{
"word": "ecological"
},
{
"word": "ecologism"
},
{
"word": "ecologist"
},
{
"word": "ecology block"
},
{
"word": "ecosophy"
},
{
"word": "ecosystem"
},
{
"word": "ecotribe"
},
{
"word": "ethnoecology"
},
{
"word": "geoecology"
},
{
"word": "human ecology"
},
{
"word": "hydroecology"
},
{
"word": "immunoecology"
},
{
"word": "macroecology"
},
{
"word": "microecology"
},
{
"word": "myrmecology"
},
{
"word": "neuroecology"
},
{
"word": "paleoecology"
},
{
"word": "pedoecology"
},
{
"word": "photoecology"
},
{
"word": "physioecology"
},
{
"word": "psychoecology"
},
{
"word": "radioecology"
},
{
"word": "restoration ecology"
},
{
"word": "socioecology"
},
{
"word": "synecology"
},
{
"word": "zooecology"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Ökologie"
},
"expansion": "Calque of German Ökologie",
"name": "calque"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "οἶκος",
"4": "",
"5": "house"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek οἶκος (oîkos, “house”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "eco-",
"3": "-logy"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, eco- + -logy",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Calque of German Ökologie (coined in 1866 by Ernst Haeckel), from Ancient Greek οἶκος (oîkos, “house”) + -λογία (-logía, “study of”). By surface analysis, eco- + -logy.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ecologies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "ecology (countable and uncountable, plural ecologies)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ecol‧ogy"
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "agroecology"
},
{
"word": "autecology"
},
{
"word": "chemical ecology"
},
{
"word": "chronoecology"
},
{
"word": "cultural ecology"
},
{
"word": "dendroecology"
},
{
"word": "ethnoecology"
},
{
"word": "geoecology"
},
{
"word": "hydroecology"
},
{
"word": "kincentric ecology"
},
{
"word": "language ecology"
},
{
"word": "linguistic ecology"
},
{
"word": "macroecology"
},
{
"word": "myrmecology"
},
{
"word": "palaeoecology"
},
{
"word": "paleoecology"
},
{
"word": "photoecology"
},
{
"word": "phytoecology"
},
{
"word": "radioecology"
},
{
"word": "restoration ecology"
},
{
"word": "social ecology"
},
{
"word": "socioecology"
},
{
"word": "synecology"
},
{
"word": "thermoecology"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "ecology block"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Biology"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1949, George R. Stewart, Earth Abides:",
"text": "As a graduate student, he was working on a thesis: The Ecology of the Black Creek Area. He had to investigate the relationships, past and present, of men and plants and animals in this region.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2012 January 14, Robert M. Pringle, “How to Be Manipulative”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 1, archived from the original on 2013-10-03, page 31:",
"text": "As in much of biology, the most satisfying truths in ecology derive from manipulative experimentation. Tinker with nature and quantify how it responds.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The branch of biology dealing with the relationships of organisms with their environment and with each other."
],
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"relationship",
"relationship"
],
[
"organism",
"organism"
],
[
"environment",
"environment"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) The branch of biology dealing with the relationships of organisms with their environment and with each other."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "social ecology",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "linguistic ecology",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any study of the relationships of components of a system with their environment and with each other."
],
"links": [
[
"study",
"study"
],
[
"component",
"component"
],
[
"system",
"system"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) Any study of the relationships of components of a system with their environment and with each other."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The totality or pattern of relationships of components of a system with their environment and with each other."
],
"links": [
[
"totality",
"totality"
],
[
"pattern",
"pattern"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪˈkɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ecology.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ecology.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ecology.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ecology.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ecology.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪˈkɔl.ə.d͡ʒi/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒlədʒi"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "oecology"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "œcology"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "ekologie"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ekologji"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕilm al-bīʔa",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "عِلْم اَلْبِيئَة"
},
{
"code": "an",
"lang": "Aragonese",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ecolochía"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ēkologia",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "էկոլոգիա"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ecoloxía"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "ekalóhija",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "экало́гія"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ekoloji"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ekologija",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "екология"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "geha.beda.",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "ဂေဟဗေဒ"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ecologia"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "生態"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "生态"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "生態學"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "sang¹ taai³ hok⁶",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "生态学"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "生態學"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "seng-thài-ha̍k",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "生态学"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "生態"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shēngtài",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "生态"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "生態學"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shēngtàixué",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "生态学"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ekologie"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "økologi"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ecologie"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "ekologio"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "ökoloogia"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vistfrøði"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "ekologia"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "ympäristötiede"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "écologie"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ecoloxía"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "eḳologia",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "ეკოლოგია"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ökologie"
},
{
"code": "gsw",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"Alemannic-German",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ökologie"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "oikología",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "οικολογία"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "ekologyia",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "אקולוגיה"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "pāristhitikī",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "पारिस्थितिकी"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "ökológia"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "környezettan"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vistfræði"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "ekologio"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "ekologi"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "ecologia"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "éiceolaíocht"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ecologia"
},
{
"alt": "せいたいがく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "seitaigaku",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "生態学"
},
{
"code": "kn",
"lang": "Kannada",
"roman": "hondikeyarime",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "ಹೊಂದಿಕೆಯರಿಮೆ"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "ékologiä",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "экология"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "bɑɑrestʰaan vityie",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "បរិស្ថានវិទ្យា"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "niveih vityie",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "និវេសនវិទ្យា"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "ʼaasrɑɑyvityiə",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "អាស្រយវិទ្យា"
},
{
"alt": "生態學",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "saengtaehak",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "생태학"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ekolojî"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "oecologia"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ekoloģija"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ekologija"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ökologie"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ekologie"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ekológija",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "еколо́гија"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
],
"word": "کاجي عالم حيات"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
],
"word": "ايکولوݢي"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"Rumi"
],
"word": "kaji alam hayat"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"Rumi"
],
"word": "ekologi"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ekoloġija"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "mātai hauropi"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "orčinzüj",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "орчинзүй"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"feminine"
],
"word": "écologie"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "økologi"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "økologi"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ecologia"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "bum-šenâsi",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "بومشناسی"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "ekoloži",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "اکولوژی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ekologia"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ecologia"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ecologie"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ekológija",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "эколо́гия"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "eag-eòlas"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "екологија"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ekologija"
},
{
"code": "sd",
"lang": "Sindhi",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "سَهِجِياڀياس"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ekológia"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ekologija"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ecología"
},
{
"code": "su",
"lang": "Sundanese",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "ékologi"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "ikolojia"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ekologi"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "miljöforskning"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "palamuhayan"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "ekolohiya"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "ekologiya",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "экология"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "cūḻnilaiyiyal",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "சூழ்நிலையியல்"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "níwêt wíttáyaa",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "นิเวศวิทยา"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "çevre bilimi"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "ekoloji"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "ekolóhija",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "еколо́гія"
},
{
"alt": "生態學",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "sinh thái học"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "köolog"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ecoleg"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "ekologye",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "עקאָלאָגיע"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "branch of biology",
"word": "ekoloci"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "totality or pattern of relationships",
"word": "生態"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "totality or pattern of relationships",
"word": "生态"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "totality or pattern of relationships",
"word": "生態"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shēngtài",
"sense": "totality or pattern of relationships",
"word": "生态"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Ernst Haeckel",
"ecology"
],
"word": "ecology"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ecology meaning in All languages combined (20.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.